“以意逆志”:从读书方法到解释学境界

“Meaning against Feeling”:From Reading Approach to the State of Hermeneutics

到了孟子的时代,在《诗经》的几种应用形式中,"听《诗》"十分罕见了,"赋《诗》"日渐式微了,惟有"引《诗》"硕果仅存。孟门师生"引《诗》"相当普遍,孟子由此在批评"断章取义"的基础上,提出解读《诗》篇必须"以意逆志"。"以意逆志"迟早地、必然地聚焦于"逆"之一环,只要这个时刻来了,"真切"就是对于"逆"最真切的"翻译"。践履孟子说的"以意逆志",于一般读者而言,理当放弃"中心"之类概念,让更有理解力度的"互动"概念挺身而出;但是,当读者化身作者之后,其真切地逼近《诗》篇之"志",也只是作为自己的"支援意识",它们终归要服从于自己的"集中意识"——所谓"意"也。惟有这样理解,"以意逆志"才会成为一种上乘的读书方法,更是一种心向往之但又未必能够抵达的解释学境界。

Until the age of Mencius, among the several application forms of the Book of Songs, listening and inditing poems became rare, and quoting was the only remaining. Teachers and students in the school of Mencius still incited the Book of Songs a lot, therefore, based on his criticism on ＂interpreting out of context＂, Mencius proposed the idea of ＂meaning against feeling＂ when interpreting the texts. The idea of ＂meaning against feeling＂ will finally be focalized on ＂against＂ sooner or later; and when it comes, ＂being sincere＂ will be the most suitable interpretation of ＂against＂. When fulfilling Mencius＇ ＂meaning against feeling＂, general readers should abandon the concept of ＂center＂, and letting the concept of ＂interactive＂ （easier to understand） to come forward; however, when readers becomes the author, the approaching feeling only turned out to be his ＂support consciousness＂, and finally is subordinated to their own ＂consciousness＂ - the so-called ＂meaning＂. Only by this understanding, ＂meaning against feeling＂ could be a superior method for reading, or the state of hermeneutics that our heart desired yet may not be able to reach.