社会交换视角下佛教慈善组织志愿者动员机制分析——以台湾慈济基金会为例

Volunteer Mobilization Mechanism in Buddhist Charity Organization From Social Exchange Perspective: Case Study on Taiwan Tzu Chi Foundation

慈济是当今台湾地区最大的民间慈善组织,也是唯一一家获准在大陆地区开办全国性基金会的境外民间组织,其组织的运作模式备受海内外学界的推崇。本文运用社会交换理论分析了慈济独特的志愿者动员机制,发现慈济"家的隐喻",以及慈济为志愿者所举办的各种活动扩大了志愿者个人的社会资本是慈济动员机制的重要组成部分,而证严法师的个人魅力,以及参与慈济志愿者服务所带来了志愿者个人内在灵性需求的满足则是其动员机制的核心。大陆地区佛教慈善组织可以借鉴慈济独特的志愿者动员机制,为组织的持续发展与社会服务供给获得稳定的人力资源保障。

The paper studies Tzu Chi, the biggest folk charity organization in Taiwan, and analyses its special volunteer mobilization mechanism and discusses its ＂metaphor for family＂ by using social exchange theory. The activities held by Tzu Chi expand the social capital of volunteers, which is an important part of the mechanism. The personal charm of the Master Zheng Yan, and spiritual needs of volunteers by serving Tza Chi are the core of the mechanism. The Buddhist charity organizations in mainland can learn from Tzu Chi in order to get stable human resource guarantee for the development of themselves.