QUAL2Kw模型在新安江干流黄山段水质模拟中的应用

Application of QUAL2Kw model to simulation of water quality in Huangshan section of Xin'an River

针对新安江干流当前水质状况与水生态功能分区要求不协调的问题,首先通过对流域内的12个监测站点多年水质监测数据进行模糊综合评价分析,确定水质现状并识别出各水质指标的污染贡献度矩阵。然后使用一维、稳态水质模型QUAL2Kw对河道水质进行模拟,在遗传算法校准得到参数集的基础上,对模型进行验证,最后根据水功能区划计算目标河道的环境容量。结果表明:QUAL2Kw模型可以很好地模拟现实水质状况,但模拟结果显示,新安江干流各河段的TN环境容量大部分为负值,污染现状不容乐观;水体对于TP则仍有少量的环境容量,但由于TP为限制因子,因此基于环境容量的营养盐污染控制亟需加强。

In view of the inharmonious problems between the current situation of water quality and the goal of water function zoning in Xinhn River, the paper first determined the water quality situation and identified pollution contribution matrix of each water quality index by the fuzzy comprehensive assessment on the data of 12 monitoring stations in this area. Subsequently, QUAL2Kw model of one dimensional steady water quality was used to simulate the water quality in Xinhn River. Based on the parameters gotten by genetic algorithm calibration, the paper verified the model and then calculated water environmental capacity according to water function zoning. The results showed that QUAL2Kw model can simulate the practical situation of water quality well, but the environmental capacities of total nitrogen in most of the reaches of Xinhn River are negative. The present situation of nitrogen pollution is not optimistic. As to the total phosphorus, though there is a small amount of environmental capacity in water body, but because of the restriction of TP factor, the control of nutrition salt pollution based on environmental capacity need to strengthen.