不同灌溉方式下番茄根系层土壤温度分布特征

Character of soil temperature distribution of tomato root zone under different irrigation methods

为了探明不同灌溉方式对根区土壤温度分布的影响，本文通过2年试验，研究了温室种植番茄利用无压灌溉、滴灌和沟灌方式番茄根区土壤温度的变化特性。试验设置了3个无压灌溉处理、滴灌和沟灌处理，共5个处理，每个处理3次重复。结果表明：根区土壤温度随着土层深度变化而变化，相同土层深度，无压灌溉比沟灌和滴灌温度高。0～25cm土层日平均温度，无压灌溉处理比沟灌高1．02—1．05℃，比滴灌高0．72—0．85℃；土壤温度最大差值发生在15cm土层。根区土壤温度日振幅变化，无压灌溉表现的更明显，无压灌溉比沟灌和滴灌高5．4％一10％，而且土壤温度日振幅和土壤深度之间可以用指数关系描述。研究成果为无压灌溉在温室番茄冬季生长提供依据．

In order to probe the influence of different irrigation methods on the distribution of soil temperature, the paper studied the soil temperature distribution characteristics in the tomato root zone under non-pressure sub-irrigation （NPSI）, furrow irrigation （FI） and drip irrigation （DI） in a greenhouse through two years experiment. The experiment comprised of 3 NPSI treatments and FI and DI as standard controls. The results show that soil temPeratures at various depths were higher under NPSI treatments than either FI or DI ; the daily average temperature was 1.02 - 1.05 ℃ at 0 - 25 cm soil layer higher under NPSI than under FI and 0.72 -0. 85 ℃ higher than with DI. The maximum difference of temperature occurs at 15 cm depth. The average diurnal amplitude of soil temperature in the root zone at the same soil depths is 5.4% - 10.0% greater under NPSI than FI and DI, and tile relation between diurnal amplitude and soil depth could be described by an exponential function. The result can provide basis for the application of non-pressure sub-irrigation in winter growth of tomato in greenhouse .