部分艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者的现况调查及防治对策

Current situation of some people infected with human immunodeficiency virus and the prevention and cure counter-measures

目的了解艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者(PLWHA)的社会人口学特征、感染及生存现况,为制定有针对性的艾滋病防治措施提供依据。方法问卷收集164例调查对象的有关资料,运用Excel和SPSS软件与同期国家和地方统计数据进行比较分析。结果调查对象中男女性别比为4.13:1.00,高于全国水平;平均年龄(38.89±13.79)岁,其中男性(38.46±14.00)岁,女性(40.00±13.07)岁,男女平均年龄比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.881 0,P<0.001);高中(含中专)及以上文化程度占63.41%,超过国家水平;职业不固定与待业占39.63%,经济收入整体水平较低,49.37%存在超支;离婚比例42.72%,高于当地水平。感染方式以性途径为主,男、女比较差异无统计学意义(x^2=0.093 7,P>0.05);男男同性(MSM)感染居首,占45.12%,尤以近年突出(x^2=22.254 8,P<0.005)。阳性检测发现时间平均(2.33±1.71)a;辅助性T淋巴细胞(CD4)检测水平≤350μL^(-1)占60.98%;46.95%的感染者正在接受治疗,随访及治疗依从性较好的占89.64%,子女感染比例达16.33%,有55.49%和77.44%的人希望得到心理和经济支持。结论 PLWHA的社会人口学特征、健康及生存状况均不同于普通人群,加强MSM的行为干预及对PLWHL的有效管理是当前AIDS防治工作的重点。

Objective To provide information about the demographic features,infection status and existence of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） patients for better acquired immunodeficiency syndrom（AIDS） control.Methods The related data of the 164 subjects who were infected with HIV were collected and Excel and SPSS software packages were used for data processing and analysis,the results were compared with the homochronous data of country and province.Results The male/female ratio in the series was 4.13：1.00,which was higher than the national ratio.The mean age of the subjects was（38.89 ± 13.79）years,which was（38.46 ± 14.00） years in males and（40.00 ± 13.07） years in females.There was a statistically significant difference in the mean age between the males and females（t =3.881 0,P 0.001）.Subjects with educational background higher than senior high school（including polytechnic school） accounted for 63.41%.which was higher than national level.Those without stable jobs or the jobless made up of 39.63%of all the subjects.Overall,they received relatively low pay and 49.37%of them were in debt.The divorce rate in the subjects was 42.72%.which was higher than the local rate.The transmittance was mainly through sexual contact in both sexes and no significant difference was found between the males and females（χ~2 =0.093 7.P 0.05）.The infection rate was the highest in men who had sex with men（MSM）,accounting for 45.12%and the rate was especially high in recent years（χ~2 =22.254 8,P 0.005）.It took about,on average,（2.33 ± 1.71）years for the positive infection to be detected.Subjects with CD4 level ≤S350 μL^（-1） made up of 60.98%of the population. About 46.95%of the infected subjects were on therapy and 89.64%of them had good compliance.The rate of sons and daughters infection was 16.33%,55.49%and 77.44%of the subjects hoped to get psychological and financial support.Conclusions PLWHA are different from general population in terms of demographic features,physical states and existence and they are longing for care.Currently,AIDS control effort should be especially directed at MSM.