行为证据浅探

Primary Exploration on Behavioral Evidence

行为证据是指用以证明与案件相关的行为内容、过程及其特征的材料,以及依据已知涉案行为内容、过程、特征或借助于对涉案行为内容、过程、特征的分析研究而形成的用于证明案件事实的材料。行为证据的外延包括"用以证明涉案行为的证据"和"依据涉案行为而形成的证据"两大方面。行为证据不是一种独立的法定证据形式,但在证据的学理分类中,行为证据应该占有一席之地。在2012年《刑事诉讼法》规定的八种证据形式中,行为证据除了无法以物证和书证的形式存在与表现外,它可以通过其他六种证据形式中的任何一种形式存在和表现。同时,为了确保行为证据充分有效地参与刑事诉讼活动,应该创新行为证据形式——将破案报告或行为分析报告列为一种新的法定证据。以专家证人证言形式存在的行为证据、以专家鉴定意见形式存在的行为证据、以破案报告形式或行为分析报告形式存在的行为证据在刑事诉讼中具有重要的价值,应该在深入研究、充分论证、认真准备、积极试点的基础上,推进它们在刑事诉讼中的广泛运用。

Behavioral evidence means materials which could be used to prove content,process,features of behaviors which are related to cases,as well as materials employed to prove the fact of law cases based on known content,process and features of behaviors concerning cases or aided by analysis and research of content,process and features of behaviors involved in cases.Extension of behavioral evidence contains two main parts： ＂evidences used to prove the fact of law cases＂and ＂evidences formed on the basis of behaviors involved in law cases＂.Although behavioral evidence can＇t be regarded as an independent form of legal evidence,it should still take up its seat in the theoretical classification of evidence.Among eight forms of evidence regulated in Criminal Procedural Law in 2012,behavioral evidence can exist and present in any of six other forms except physical evidence and documentary evidence.Meanwhile,in order to make sure that behavioral evidence could take part in criminal procedures effectively,the form of behavioral evidence should be innovated—the case-solving report or analysis report of behaviors should be listed as a kind of new legal evidence.Behavioral evidences exist in form of expert witness testimony and expert opinions as well as behavioral evidences in form of case-solving report or analysis report of behaviors are of significant value,which should be further promoted to take effect widely in criminal procedures based on detailed research,full demonstration,careful preparation and positive experiments.