国家现代化中政策问题建构主体的演变

The Construction Subject's Evolution of Policy Issue in the National Modernization

在人类社会的不同历史阶段中,或者说,在不同的社会治理体系中,政策问题的建构主体及其体系、结构等都是不同的。严格说来,公共政策是在近代民主政治的背景下出现的,也只有对于公共政策而言,才有着可以作为科学考察对象的政策问题建构主体。但是,在一般的意义上,近代之前的社会治理过程也经常性地求助于政策,而且也确实制定了各种各样的政策。因此,也存在着政策问题建构过程及其主体。在历史的视野中去考察政策问题建构主体,我们可以发现其历史演进过程,可以通过把握政策问题建构主体的变动与历史发展之间的关系去开拓一种面向未来的视角。历史地看,政策问题建构主体经历了从"特权阶层"到"市民代表"再到"政策问题建构权扩大"等历史演进过程。

During the different historical stages of human society,or,in the different social governance systems,the construction subjects of policy issue and its system,structure are all different.Strictly speaking,public policy arose under the background of modern democratic politics,and only public policy has the policy issue construction subject which can be used as scientific research object.However,in general sense,the social governance process before modern times regularly took policy for help,and actually has made a variety of policy.Therefore,policy issue construction process and subject also exist.To survey policy issue construction subject through the view of history,we can discover its historical evolution process,and can develop a future-oriented perspective through grasping the relationship between the variation of policy issue construction subject and historical development.Historically,construction subject has experienced historical evolution processes from 'privileged stratum' to 'citizens representative' and then to 'expanding of policy issue construction rights'.