圈养普氏野马夏季高温期昼间活动时间分配研究

Diurnal Activity Time Budget of the Captive Equus ferus przewalskii in High Temperature Period of Summer

2011至2012年的7~8月,在新疆野马繁育中心采用全事件取样法和目标动物取样法相结合,研究了圈养普氏野马不同组间夏季昼间的主要行为。结果表明,圈养普氏野马在不同高温应激条件下的主要行为存在一定差异,符合动物正常的生物学特性,经双因素方差分析及多重比较检验,得出不同组间在采食行为时间分配上,带驹雌马显著高于其他组群（F3,68=131.144,P=0.000）,而幼驹显著低于其他组群（F3,68=131.144,P=0.000）;在饮水行为时间分配上,带驹雌马低于其他组群,且与雌马的差异达显著水平（F3,68=1.825,P=0.049）;在站醒行为时间分配上,带驹雌马显著低于其他组群（F3,68=41.438,P=0.000;P=0.010）,而幼驹显著高于其他组群（F3,68=41.438,P=0.000）;在休息行为时间分配上,幼驹高于其他组群,且与雄马（F3,68=7.068,P=0.040）、带驹雌马（F3,68=7.068,P=0.006）的差异达显著水平;在运动行为时间分配上,雄马显著高于（F3,68=24.781,P=0.021;P=0.000）而带驹雌马显著低于（F3,68=24.781,P=0.000;P=0.003）其他组群;在修饰行为时间分配上,雌马显著高于其他组群（F2,51=14.967,P=0.017;P=0.001）;在其他行为时间分配上,幼驹显著高于（F3,68=217.107,P=0.000）而雌马则显著低于（F3,68=217.107,P=0.000）其他组群。总体上,圈养普氏野马在高温季节表现出不同程度的行为应答,建议针对新疆夏季高温期,对野马分组分圈进行管护,防止出现由高温造成的意外伤害。同时,行为观测的研究方法可作为监测普氏野马夏季高温期生存状况的有效工具,为人工管护提供科学依据。

The main diurnal behaviors of captive Przewalski＇s horses（Equus ferus przewalskii） in high temperature period of summer were investigated at Xinjiang Wild Horse Breeding and Research Center from July to August of 2011 and 2012 using all-occurrence recording and focal animal sampling methods.The results showed that the behaviors of captive Przewalski＇s horses were different under various heat stress conditions,and this was accordant with normal biological characteristics of animal.Significant difference was observed in the time budget of feeding behavior using two-factor variance analysis and multiple comparison tests： the lactating female horses showed the highest（F3,68 = 131.144,P = 0.000） in all groups and foals showed the lowest（F3,68 = 131.144,P = 0.000）;the lactating female horses spent the most time on drinking behavior and significantly different with normal female horses（F3,68 = 1.825,P = 0.049）;the lactating female horses spend the least time on standing behavior（F3,68 = 41.438,P =0.000;P =0.010） and foals showed the most（F3,68 = 41.438,P = 0.000）;foals spend the most time on resting behavior and significantly different with male（F3,68 = 7.068,P =0.040） and lactating female horses（F3,68 = 7.068,P =0.006）;male horses spend the most time on moving behavior（F3,68 = 24.781,P = 0.021;P = 0.000）and the lactating female horses showed the least（F3,68 = 24.781,P = 0.000;P = 0.003）;female horses spent the most time on grooming behavior（F2,51 = 14.967,P = 0.017;P = 0.001）;foals spent the most time on other behavior（F3,68 = 217.107,P = 0.000）and female horses spend the least（F3,68 = 217.107,P = 0.000）.Overall,the captive Przewalski＇s horses performed different behavioral responses to high temperature stimulation in summer.In light of these results,we propose that the horses should be feed separately to prevent accidental injury caused by high temperature in summer of Xinjiang.Moreover,behavioral observation can be introduced as a monitoring method for captive Przewalski＇s horses during high temperature period of summer,and provide a scientific basis for artificial management and protection.