饲养条件下织金瘰螈摄食行为的观察

Observation of Feeding Behavior of Paramesotriton zhijinensis in Feeding Conditions

采用室内饲养观察与食物投喂实验相结合的方法,于2011年9月~2012年4月研究了织金瘰螈Paramesotriton zhijinensis摄食行为和食物选择。结果表明：织金瘰螈特别喜食的食物包括扁卷螺、萝卜螺、蝌蚪、水丝蚓;较为喜食的食物包括椎实螺、环毛蚓、彩石鲋、蝇蛆、小无齿蚌、河虾、褐栉鰕虎鱼;偶食的食物包括环棱螺、黄粉虫、蜻蜓稚虫、螺类卵带、水生昆虫及幼虫。织金瘰螈发现食物目标靠视觉,判断食物性质靠嗅觉。摄食方式为吞食性摄食。摄食策略主要采取伏击法,并结合搜索法。摄食过程包括：发现食物,靠近并迅速张口咬住食物,食物挣扎时,紧咬不动,食物不动时,借助甩头将食物逐步吞进口腔,进入口腔的食物,通过闭嘴、抬头、头颈后仰、撑起前肢协助进入食道和胃。影响摄食的主要生态因子包括光照、水温和食物密度。

The feeding behavior and food selection of Paramesotriton zhijinensis were investigated by indoor breeding and feeding experiments from September 2011 to April 2012.The results showed that Indoplanorbis exustus,Radix,tadpoles,and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the particularly preferred foods of P.zhijinensis;Lymnaea,Pheretima,Pseudoperilampus lighti,maggots,Sinanodonta woodiana,shrimps,and Ctenogobius brunneus were moderately preferred;Bellamya,Tenebrio,dragonfly nymphs,snail eggs,and aquatic insects and larvae were eaten occasionally.P.zhijinensis identified the target food with eyes and determined the nature of food by odor.The feeding method was depended on swallowing.The main feeding strategies were ambush and searching.The feeding processes including prey discovery,approached prey,rapid bit prey with mouth,bit harder when prey was struggling,tossed the head and swallowing once prey stopped struggle,facilitated the entry of prey into esophagus and stomach by closing the mouth,lift and extended the head,and propped up the forelimbs.The main ecological factors influenced the feeding behavior including illumination,water temperature,and food density.