对我国赠与合同定性的反思

REFLECTIONS ON THE QULIFICATION OF DONATION CONTRACT IN CHINA

赠与分为待履行的赠与与现实赠与两种。无论待履行的赠与还是现实赠与,都不能被定性为要物合同,这不但是因为交付在赠与中是赠与人的义务,不是一种非义务性的事实,而且是因为要物合同的本质为返还交付物,而赠与导致的是赠与物的永久移转。如果赠与不是要物合同,为确保赠与人的赠与决定是谨慎的,将赠与定性为诺成合同并配备任意撤销权的立法设计并不值得推荐,因为此两种设计有恰好相反的立法假定,相互矛盾。相反,将赠与合同改造为传统的要式合同更有说服力。

Donation shall be classified as executed girl and executory contract of donation. Neither the former nor the latter can be qualified as real contract because delivery in the donation is the obligation of the donator instead of a non-obligatory fact. What＇ s more, the essence of real contract is the restitution of the thing deliv- ered, but donation leads to perceptual transfer. If the donation contract is not real contract, to ensure the cau- tiousness of donator＇ s decision, it is not a good option to qualify donation as real contract and then equip it with the arbitrary right of revocation since such two designs have different supposition by the lawmaker. On the contrary, it will be more persuasive if the donation contract is transformed into solemn contract.