陕西商南茶区生态环境分析与综合评价

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of ecological environment of tea planting area in Shangnan,Shaanxi

【目的】对陕西商南茶区的气候条件、土壤养分和茶叶品质进行综合分析,为探明该地区气候、土壤与茶叶质量的关系提供参考。【方法】首先利用商南茶区1958-2007年的气象资料,分析该地区的气候条件,在此基础上,应用模糊综合评价法对土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷、交换性钾及有效硼、有效铜、有效锌和有效锰等指标进行分析,并计算了商南县9个乡镇的土壤肥力综合指标值,对各乡镇所产茶叶的品质进行比较与评价,并对茶区土壤理化性质与茶叶品质的相关性进行了分析。【结果】(1)商南茶区气候较适宜,茶树生长期有水热同季现象,年平均气温、多年平均极端最低温度、空气相对湿度及日照百分率均能满足茶树生长的需要,而≥10℃活动积温和年降水量均较低,分别为2 521.3℃,825.6mm,是限制茶树生长发育的主要因子。(2)商南茶区土壤养分状况较好,土壤肥力综合指标值为0.57,变异系数为26.42%。该区土壤pH值呈中性偏酸,土壤全氮、有效磷、交换性钾及多种微量元素含量丰富,但土壤有机质难以满足茶树的需求,且各养分变异系数较大,说明各养分含量在商南茶区空间分布不均匀。(3)商南茶区不同乡镇茶叶各品质指标均在适宜范围内,具有香高、味醇和鲜爽的特点。【结论】商南茶区气象条件适宜,土壤肥力等级主要为中上等和中下等水平,基本能满足茶树生长所需的生态条件,所生产的茶叶品质较优。

[Objective] Climate, soil nutrients and tea quality were analyzed to investigate the relation between ecological environment and tea quality in Shangnan, Shaanxi Province. [Method] Firstly, the mete- orological data of 1958--2007 was used to evaluate the climatic conditions,and then the fuzzy comprehen- sive assessment was used to analyze the soil conditions including pH,organic matter, total nitrogen,availa- ble phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, available boron, available copper, available zinc, available manga- nese and other indexes. Moreover,the ed,tea quality was compared and eval tea quality was studied. [Result] （1） same season, suitable annual average shine,was suitable for tea growth. Th soil fertility comprehensive index values of nine towns were uated, and the relativity between soil physicochemical prope The climate in Shangnan, characterized by rain and hot w and extreme minimum temperature and proper humidity e low values of accumulated temperature of days with 10 ℃ calculat ＇.rties and eather in and sun- ; temperature （2 521. 3 ℃） and annual rainfall （825.6 mm） were the factors that restricted tea growth. （9,） Soil nu- trient in Shangnan was good with a soil fertility comprehensive index of 0.57 and a coefficient of variation of 26.42%. The soil pH appeared neutral to slightly acidic, and soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium boron and trace elements were rich while organic matter was poor. The coefficients of variation of nutrient were large,indicating the uneven distribution of nutrients in Shangnan. （3） The tea quality indexes in Shangnan were all within an appropriate range with characteristics of fragrant, pure and fresh. [Conclusion] The meteorological conditions, soil fertility in Shangnan were suitable for tea growth and the tea quality was good.