汉语口语与书面语词汇使用对比分析——基于传媒语料库

A Media-Corpus-Based Comparative Study on the Use of Vocabulary in Spoken and Written Chinese

以约415万字的有声媒体与平面媒体语料库作为口语与书面语的代表,对其使用词汇进行定量对比。研究结果表明:书面语与口语的通用词主要为使用频度较高、且不带语体色彩的词语;不同之处则表现在口语使用了更多代词、语气词等具有口语特征的词语,且口语使用的单音词总量多于书面语。因此在国际汉语教学中,应当遵循常用先学原则,抓住最大量的书、口常用单音词,之后再根据学生水平逐步向语体词推移。

Based on a statistically contrastive analysis of approximately 415-million-word media Chinese corpus, which comprises of a sound and a print media corpus, this paper explores the use of vocabulary in spoken and written Chinese. It shows that the overlapping words in spoken and written Chinese are the most frequently used words and are neutral in tones. This study also points out the differences： more pronouns and particles with colloquial characteristics, as well as monosyllabic words are preferred in spoken Chinese than in written Chinese. Based on the findings, it is suggested that in international Chinese vocabulary teaching, we should follow the principle that the most commonly used monosyllabic words be taught first and then gradually move to stylistic words as the students＇ cognitive level improves.