基于时间约束的消费者选择理论与模型研究

A Study on Consumer Choice Theory and Model based on Time Constraint

本文运用效用理论与消费者行为理论,在经典模型基础上加入时间约束参数,从而放宽消费行为不需要时间这一假设,从消费者的商品边际效用和时间边际效用方面对消费者选择的理性行为进行研究,并从工资率的变化出发,对均衡条件进行比较静态分析。基于时间约束条件的分析表明:消费者实现效用最大化时应使花费在各种消费品及休闲上的最后每一元钱所获得的边际效用相等;替代效应的正负取决于商品的相对时间密度,当某商品的时间密度与其他商品相比较小时,替代效应为正,反之为负;工资率收入效应的正负取决于商品的性质,正常品和高档品对应的工资率收入效应为正,低档品对应的工资率收入效应为负。

Using utility theory and consumer behavior theory, and putting in parameter of time constrain on the basis of the classical model, which relaxes the hypothesis that consuming behavior needn＇t time, the paper carries out a study on consumer rational option behavior from two fields that are consumer goods marginal utility and time marginal utility. And the equilibrium condition is relative statically analyzed according to wage change. The analysis based on time constraint condition shows when consumers realize utility maximization, the marginal utility that consumers cost every unit money to various goods and relaxation should be equal; that substitution effect is positive or negative, depends on the goods rela- tive time density, that is, when a certain goods time density is smaller than that of other goods, its substitution effect is positive, otherwise is negative; that wage income effect is positive or negative, depends on that the goods is normal goods or inferior goods ： income effect of normal goods and high - grade goods is positive, and wage income effect of inferior goods is negative.