基于生态位古村落旅游竞争的仿生学研究

A Bionics Study on Tourism Competition of Niche Ancient Villages

处于同一区域的古村落,其历史渊源和文化内涵具有相似之处,如果旅游开发雷同极易致使过度竞争。本文借鉴n维生态位理论,运用Delphi法和主成分分析选取了古村落生态位的多维测度指标,建立了古村落n维旅游生态位指标体系;在香农-威纳多样性指数(ShannonWeinerindex)的基础上,构建了古村落旅游生态位的宽度指数和重叠指数模型,以此判断古村落旅游空间竞争的程度,并运用该模型对湖南洪江古商城和黔阳古城进行了分析,结果表明二者之间的竞争关系明显,主要体现在对资源、环境、市场、服务设施四个维度的争夺,但二者之间生态位宽度也有较大扩展空间。

Ancient villages tourisms will compete strongly if they develop similarly because they lie in the same geographic area, and have the same history and culture background. Based on n -dimensional niche theory, an evaluation index system of n - dimensional tourism niche is established with Delphi and AHP methods. According to Shannon - Weiner index, an ancient villages tourism niche evaluation model is proposed including niche breadth index and niche overlap index, which can determine the extent of competition. Finally, ancient villages such as Hongjian and Qingyan in Hunan province are used as examples to analyze. Results show a high tourism competition exists between the two ancient villages, mainly reflecting in the fight for resources, environment, market, service facilities four dimensions, but the tourism niche breadth has a larger expansion space.