《三国演义》人物塑造的得与失

Gain and Loss of Characterization of The Romance of Three Kingdoms

学界普遍认为《三国演义》人物描写存在"定型化"和"类型化"的缺点。对此应作具体的分析。无论从小说整体来看,还是从具体的人物形象来看,《三国演义》的人物塑造都是有得有失的。曹操是写得最成功的一个奸雄形象,作者既写了他自私、虚伪、残忍、奸诈的一面,也写了他具有雄才大略和在政治上有远见卓识的一面。曹操的描写虽也有败笔,但具有复杂的性格内容,就不能说是"类型化"的。刘备和诸葛亮具有明显的"类型化"的缺点,但也各有其写得成功之处。主要缺点是如鲁迅所指出的:"欲显刘备之长厚而似伪,状诸葛之多智而近妖。"

The academic circle holds that there exist the disadvantages of stereotyping and classification of character- ization of The Romance of Three Kingdoms. The characterization of The Romance of Three Kingdoms has gain and loss from the perspective of the wholeness of the novel and the concrete characters. Cao Cao is an arch careerist who is created mostly successfully. His selfishness, sham, cruelty and great talent are all described. The description of Cao Can cannot be called stereotyped while the description of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang can be called so. The disadvantage of this descrip- tion is as Lu Xun~ critique, ＂the charitable Liu Bei seems hypocritical and the intelligent Zhuge Liang seems disaboli- cal. tt