清污行动中预防措施费用与救助作业费用的认定与划分

How to distinguish and recognize costs of preventive measures with costs of salvage operations in the clean-up operation

从法律意义上说,海难救助作业与污染预防措施是两种不同性质的法律行为,分别属于海难救助与油污损害赔偿两种不同法律规范的调整范畴。鉴于《最高人民法院关于审理船舶油污损害赔偿纠纷案件若干问题的规定》第11条涉及同一清污作业过程中可能产生的上述两种不同性质法律行为的认定,继而牵及预防措施费用与救助作业费用两类不同性质费用的划分,法律关系比较复杂。从分析制定《最高人民法院关于审理船舶油污损害赔偿纠纷案件若干问题的规定》第11条的主旨、起因与依据入手,剖析了海难救助作业与污染预防措施之间的区别,并在此基础上,重点阐释了在同一清污作业过程中认定与划分救助作业费用与预防措施费用的原则。

From a legal sense, salvage operations and pollution preventive measures are two different legal acts which are ad- justed separately by two different legal norms of salvage and compensation for oil pollution damage. The stipulation of Article 11 of Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Trial on Cases of Ship Oil Pollution Damage Compensation of the Supreme People＇ s Court involves reeognization of two above-mentioned natural legal acts that emerge potentially in the same process of cleaning-up oil pollution, and relates to the differentiation of the costs of preventive measures with the costs of salvage opera- tions whose natures are different. The legal relationship is very complex. Starting from analyzing the purpose, cause and ba- sis of enacting Article 11 of Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Trial on Cases of Ship Oil Pollution Damage Compen- sation of the Supreme People＇s Court, the paper dissects the difference between salvage operations and pollution preventive measures. On this basis, the paper focuses on the principles used to distinguish and recognize costs of preventive measures with costs of salvage operations in the same process of cleaning-up operation.