长沙市某高校在校学生健康素养状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of the Status and Determinants of Health Literacy Among Students in a College in Changsha

目的了解长沙市某高校在校学生健康素养状况及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,使用自行设计的大学生健康素养调查问卷对调查对象进行调查。结果 414名调查对象健康素养基本知识和技能百分制平均得分为(60.918±5.2544)分,68.36%具有基本健康素养(≥60分);传染病预防与慢性病预防维度百分制平均得分较低(分别为46.075±0.8193和4.743±1.2172);科学健康观和急救应急2个维度,女生及格率均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);非农业户籍大学生健康素养知晓率(70.8%)高于农业户籍(67.5%),但两者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄组之间的健康素养比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:少数民族(OR=1.775)、农业户籍(OR=1.339)的大学生健康素养相对较低,年龄≥22岁(OR=0.480)、家庭月平均收入≥10 000元(OR=0.686)的大学生健康素养相对较高。结论大学生健康素养水平,尤其是传染病预防和慢性病预防,有待进一步提高,应进一步采取必要的健康教育干预,以提高大学生健康素养水平。

Objective To explore the status and determinants of health literacy among students in a college in Changsha. Methods The investigation objects were selected by stratified cluster random sampling and surveyed with self - designed ques- tionnaire of health literacy. Results The average score of health- related knowledge and skills among the subjects was 60. 918 ±5. 2544, with 68.36% having basic health - related literacy （scores≥60）. Infectious disease and chronic disease pre- vention had lower average scores （46. 075 ± 0. 8193 and 4. 743 ± 1. 2172, respectively）. As to the scientific view of health di- mension and emergency response dimension, the pass rate of the females was significantly higher than that of the males （P〈 0.05）. The health literacy awareness of the college students with non- agricultural household registration （70.8 % ） was slightly higher than that of those with agricultural household registration （67.5 % ）, though there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The health literacy awareness was statistically different among various age groups （P 〈0.05）. Multivariate logistic re- gression analysis results showed that college students with minority nationality （ OR = 1. 775 ） or agricultural household registra- tion （ OR = 1. 339） had lower health literacy, while those older than 22 years （ OR = 0. 480） or with family average monthly in- come more than 10,000 Yuan （ OR = 0. 686） had higher health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy of the students in the college in Changsha needs to be improved, especially in infectious disease and chronic disease prevention dimension. Further health education intervention should be taken.