深圳市儿童扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种率调查

Investigation on the Coverage Rate of Expanded National Immunization Program Vaccines Among Children in Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市儿童扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况,为制定免疫规划相关政策提供参考依据。方法按照预防接种门诊地理位置分布随机抽取123间门诊,共调查3 696名2008年1月1日-2010年12月31日出生的儿童的流脑疫苗和甲肝疫苗接种率。结果调查适龄儿童A群流脑多糖疫苗第1剂、A群流脑多糖疫苗第2剂、甲肝疫苗及A+C群流脑多糖疫苗第1剂接种率分别为93.6%、87.9%、87.4%、81.2%。除A群流脑多糖疫苗第1剂外,其它疫苗不同剂次接种率地区差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),福田区、南山区较高。不知道要接种(46.7%)、孩子患病未去接种(27.3%)、忘记接种(14.0%),还有家中无人带孩子去接种(12.0%)是儿童未接种疫苗的原因。结论深圳市儿童扩大免疫疫苗接种率总体较高,不同地区之间存在差别,应通过扩大宣传、正确掌握疫苗接种禁忌证,提高疫苗接种率。

Objective To investigate the coverage rate of expanded national immunization program vaccines among chil- dren in Shenzhen, and provide a basis for formulating the related immune planning policies. Methods One hundred and twenty - three community health service centers were selected according to geographical distribution, the coverage rates of menin- gitis vaccine and hepatitis A vaccine were investigated among 3,696 children who were born from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2010. Results The immunization rate of the first A meningococeal polysaccharide vaccine, the second A meningococeal polysaccharide vaccine, the hepatitis A vaccine and the first A ＋ C meningococeal polysaccharide vaccine were 93.6 %, 87.9 %, 87.4%, and 81.2%, respectively. Except for the first A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, the immunization rates of other vaccines showed statistically significant differences among different districts （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the rates in Futian District and Nanshan District were higher. The main reamns for unvaccinated children were as follows： without knowing to be vaccinated （46.7%）, children suffering from illness （27.3%）, forgetting vaccination （ 14.0% ） and without taking the kids to vaccinate （ 12.0 % ） Conclusions The immunization rate of expanded national immunization program vaccines is higher among children in Shenzhen City, but there are differences among different districts. It can be improved through enhancing the publicity and clearly understanding the contraindications to vaccination.