环境雌激素双酚A对男性生殖细胞影响的研究进展

Advances on the Effect of Bisphenol A-a Kind of Environmental Estrogen on Male Germ Cells

近年来,世界各国男性不育的检出率呈逐年增高趋势。男性不育的原因复杂,包括先天性疾病和后天性因素如外伤、不良生活作息行为(吸烟、酗酒等)、环境污染、药物滥用等。最近研究报道,发育早期暴露环境雌激素可干扰男性生殖系统发育和功能。双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)是最普遍存在的一种环境雌激素。动物实验和体外研究报道,发育早期暴露BPA可抑制人和小鼠胎儿期睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮;BPA可通过影响雄性子代生精细胞内基因的正常表达,干扰减数分裂,影响精子的产生;BPA还可降低新生小鼠睾丸支持细胞间连接蛋白的表达;在激素水平上,BPA可抑制小鼠促性腺激素释放激素和卵泡刺激素的产生。本文就BPA通过影响睾丸间质细胞、生精细胞和支持细胞的功能,导致男性不育进行综述,对进一步研究男性不育的原因提供新思路。

Recently, the detectable rate of male infertility has been increasing all over the world. The reason of this phe- nomenon is complex, including congenital diseases and acquired predisposition （trauma, unhealthy lifestyle behaviour, environ- mental pollution, and abusage of drugs）. According to the recent reports, exposure to environmental estrogen during early devel- opment relates to male infertility. Bisphenol A （BPA） is one of the most widely existing environmental estrogens. Animal experi- ments and in vitro study have shown that BPA can inhibit the secretion of testosterone from Leydig cells during fetal period. BPA can also affect the gene expression of spermatogenic cells, which may interfere with the meiosis of sperm. In addition, BPA may inhibit the expression of connexin in sertoli cells. At the level of hormone, BPA can also inhibit the production of GnRH and FSH. This article mainly reviews the injuring effects of BPA on Leydig cells, spermotogenic cells and Sertoli cells, which may re- sult in male infertility. The author wishes to provide a new idea for further studying male infertility.