从认知语言学看龙的汉字文化精神

The Cultural Spirit of Chinese Character “Long, the Dragon” from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

以《说文》中与龙相关的字词解说为对象,从认知语言学的角度,在原型、像似性、隐喻等方面考察了龙族字词的形、音、义,发现龙的原型为上古一种大型爬行类动物,其主要特征通过像似性投射到社会各个方面,并因频繁使用具有隐喻的修辞功能,成为中国先民感知世界、体悟生命的重要认知范畴,从而构建了一个具有鲜明民族特色的文化模型,洋溢着浓郁的汉字文化精神。

This paper deals with the interpretation of the related words of dragon in Shuowen-Jiezi. Based on the theory of cognitive linguistics, three aspects are observed--archetype, iconicity and metaphor. We found that the archetype of dragon was a great reptile in ancient times. Its main features projected to all aspects of the society by iconicity, which finally appeared the rhetoric function of metaphor because of frequent use. It became an important cognitive category of ancient Chinese and it showed us how people sensed the world and experienced life. What＇ s more, the research reveals our cultural model with distinct national characteristics.