上海市嘉定区机械行业职业伤害危险因素的病例-对照研究

A case-control study on risk factors for occupational injuries in mechanical manufacturing industry in Jiading District of Shanghai

目的分析上海市嘉定区某机械制造企业职工职业伤害发生的特点,找出可能引起机械制造企业职工职业伤害发生的危险因素,为职业伤害的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法通过病例-对照研究,以该企业2011年1月1日—12月31日期间发生的职业伤害者为病例组,按1∶2的比例随机抽样的方法抽取对照组,由厂医进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 16.0系统统计软件进行统计分析。结果单因素logistic回归分析职业伤害的影响因素:在婚的职工伤害发生的危险性较低(OR<1);男性、外区户籍、临时工和农民工、有吸烟、喝酒史的职工发生伤害的危险性较高(OR>1),多因素logistic回归分析,外(区)省户籍者、有喝酒史、过去1周内注意力不集中、睡眠质量不好者发生职业伤害的危险性较高(OR值>1);在婚者发生职业伤害的危险性较低(OR值<1)。结论该企业职业伤害的发生具有一定的特点,应加强易感人群的安全防护工作,开展综合性的干预措施,以降低职业伤害的发生,减少职业伤害造成的经济负担和职工生命质量的损失。

[ Objective] To analyze the characteristics of occupational injuries in a mechanical manufacturing enterprise in Jiading District of Shanghai, find the possible risk factors of occupational injuries in mechanical manufacturing industry, and provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational injuries. [ Methods] The case-control study was applied. The employees who have gotten the occupational injuries from January 1 to December 31 in 2011 in this enterprise were collected as the case group, and the controls were selected according to ratio of 1 ： 2 by random sampling. The questionnaire survey was carried out by the factory doctors. SPSS 16.0 software was adopted for statistical analysis. [ Results] The results of univariate logistic regression showed that the risk of occupational injuries was low among married employees （ OR 〈 1 ） , while the risks of occupational injuries were high among male workers, employees with household registration of other districts, temporary workers and migrant workers, as well as workers with history of smoking and drinking （ OR 〉 1 ）. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the risks of occupational injuries were high in employees with household registration of other districts/provinces, workers with drinking history, employees had occurred inattention in the past week, and employees had bad sleep quality （ OR 〉 1 ）, while the risk of occupational injuries was low among married employees （ OR 〈 1 ）. [ Conclusion] There are some characteristics of occupational injuries in this mechanical manufacturing enterprise. It is necessary to strengthen the safety protection among high-risk population, and carry out comprehensive intervention measures, to reduce the incidence of？ occupational injuries, and decrease the financial burden and life quality loss caused by occupational injuries.