开放的复杂巨系统视野下的宏观教育决策研究

Macro Education Decision-making from the Perspective of Open Complex Giant System

开放的复杂巨系统理论是钱学森院士提出并发展的关于复杂性问题研究的重要成果,应用这一思想和理论研究各类复杂对象与系统将成为现代科学研究的前沿和热点。宏观教育决策系统表现出了开放性、规模复杂性、层次复杂性、非线性作用等特征,属于典型的开放的复杂巨系统。以人为主、人机结合、从定性到定量的综合集成法是处理宏观教育决策这类开放的复杂巨系统的科学、有效的方法论。宏观教育决策的综合集成体系由专家体系、知识体系和机器体系构成。宏观教育决策的综合集成方法的运用包括教育决策中的定性综合集成、定性定量相结合的综合集成、从定性到定量的综合集成以及从定量结果到定性决策管理等步骤。

The theory of Open Complex Giant System（ OCGS）proposed by the academician Qian Xuesen, has been an important achievement for studying complex problems. It will become the frontier and the hotspot of contemporary science research to deal with all kinds of complex problems and systems by applying this theory and its methods. Macro educational policy-making system presents the characteristics like openness, complexity, hierarchy and non-linear interaction, belonging to the typical Open Complex Giant System. The man-centeredness, the man-machine combination, and the meta-synthetic method from qualitative to quantitative are the scientific and effective methodology in dealing with the open complex giant system like the macro educational decision-making. The meta-synthetic system of macro educational decision-making consists of the expert system, the knowledge system and the machine system, and the use of the meta-synthetic method of macro educational decision-making includes such procedures as the qualitative synthesis, the comprehensive synthesis of qualitative and quantitative methods and from the quantitative results to the qualitative decision-making.