近年来美国环境政策制定的趋势及对我国的启示

Recent Environmental Policymaking Trend in USA and the Reference to China

美国是世界环境政策的引领,对我国生态文明制度建设有着重要的参考价值。通过系统梳理近年来美国环境政策制定的趋势发现,美国环境立法出现了僵局,但环境政策却以国会"非正统"的立法、联邦行政机构的环境政策制定、法院裁决、联邦行政机构和非公机构合作制定环境政策、地方环境政策、非政府环境政策等新方式出现,环境政策制定相当活跃。因此,借鉴美国经验,我国也可加强系统性环境法律体系的建设、优化行政机构的环境政策制定、积极发挥法院体系在环境政策领域中的作用、推动地方环境政策可先行先试以及参与式环境政策制定模式的探索。

The United States of American is the leading nation of environmental policies in the world and its experiences has important reference for the institutional construction of eco-civilization in China.Based on the systematic summary of the recent environmental policymaking trend in USA,the gridlock has been found appeared in legislation,but emerging pathways of environmental policymaking were used to bypass the gridlock,such as the unorthodox lawmaking in the congress,federal executive policymaking,courts＇ rulings,collaborative policymaking by administrative agencies and private agencies,the local and private environmental policymaking.The above mentioned experiences could enlighten China to improve its environmental policies,such as building a comprehensive and stringent environmental laws framework,improving the executive environmental regulations,promoting the active role of courts,encouraging local environmental policies and exploring the potential of public-involved environmental policymaking.