抗战时期国立大学教授薪俸及其生活状况考察——以国立西南联大为中心

Investigation on Professors' Salaries and Living Conditions in National Universities during the Anti Japanese War——Taking National Southwest Associated University as a Center

在详实考察西南联大教授薪俸与薪津,并对同时期最低生活费进行估算比较之基础上,得出战时联大教授的薪津已经无法维持一个标准家庭之最低生活水准的结论。造成大学教授生活贫困化之直接原因乃通货膨胀的恶性发展,这与战争导致的国内经济状况的急剧恶化密切相关;同时,国民政府执行高等教育扩张政策,未能审慎考量政府的财政能力,亦是战时陷所有师生于饥饿边缘之一大原因;通货膨胀的冲击引起国民收入分配的重新变动,以及战时所采取的一些特殊措施,更使得大学教授所遭受之冲击远甚于其他行业阶层。

On the basis of detailed studies of Southwest Associated University Professor salaries and subsidies, and the esti- mation of minimum living cost at the same time, the result showed that the professor＇s salary had been unable to maintain a minimum standard of living to a standard family. The direct reason of malignant development of university professors lives in poverty was caused by the sharp deterioration in inflation, this was closely related to which the war led to the sharp deterioration of the domestic economic situation; at the same time, the execution of higher education expansion policy, not prudent consideration of the financial ability of the government, was also the major reasons which the war made all teachers and students be in starvation; the impact of inflation leaded to the change of national income distribution, and some special measures during wartime, made the im- pact of university professor suffered be far more than other industry sectors.