中国工人“赴苏援建＂问题的历史考察(1954-1963)

An Historical Investigation on Chinese workers' "To the Soviet Union for Aid"(1954-1963)

向国外派遣人员进行援助是冷战时期社会主义国家间关系的重要内容。本文以大量档案史料为依据,讨论1954年至1963年2000多名中国工人赴苏援建的政策变化与基本状况。这是在苏方的主动要求下,中国政府主导的新中国成立以来第一次大规模的人力援外。但在具体办理过程中,中苏双方各自的民族感情裹挟其间,均有猜测与试探对方的心态。本研究对理解同时期中苏关系的变迁和分析社会主义国家间关系具有重要意义。

Sending personnel to abroad for aid was the important content of the relations among the socialist coun- tries during the Cold War. Based on a large number of historical archives, this article discusses the policy chan- ges and basic conditions for more than 2,000 Chinese workers to the Soviet Union for aid during 1954 to 1963. Under the initiative demands from the Soviet Union, this was the first large-scale human aid dominated by the Chi- nese government since the founding of New China. But in the specific process of handling the two sides held the mentalities of guessing and sounding out the other side for respective national feelings. This study has a great sig- nificance on understanding the changes of Sino-Soviet relations at the same periods and analyzing the relations be- tween the socialist countries.