心理咨询师培训班学员的职业动机与从业意愿

Career motivations of psychological counseling trainees and their desires to be a counseling psychologist

目的:探讨心理咨询师培训班学员的职业动机特征及其与从业意愿的关系。方法:选取天津、郑州、宁波参加心理咨询师职业资格培训的学员509名,采用成为心理治疗师的影响因素修订版(IBT-R)问卷(包含职业利他、追求卓越、自我与人际和谐、人际卷入、职业回报、坎坷道路、人际疏离、他人激励、家庭烦扰、助人榜样)和自编从事心理咨询职业意愿调查表进行测查。结果:88.6%的学员欲从事心理咨询工作,兼职从业意愿得分高于专职[(5.3±1.8)vs.(4.9±1.9),P=0.001];大专及以下学员的专职从业意愿得分高于本科学员[(4.9±1.9)vs.(4.2±2.3),P=0.002];心理学专业学员的专职从业意愿得分高于非心理学学员[(4.7±2.1)vs.(4.1±2.4),P=0.001];教育工作者的兼职从业意愿得分高于无职业和其他职业者[(5.5±1.9)vs.(4.5±2.4),(4.3±2.7),P=0.002、0.045]。职业利他、职业回报、自我与人际和谐、他人激励得分与学员专职从业意愿的相关具有统计学意义(β=0.22、0.18、-0.11、0.11,均P<0.05),兼职从业意愿与职业利他得分呈正相关(β=0.11,P=0.013)。有、无职业学员的从业意愿多元回归方程不同;职业利他、职业回报和他人激励得分高,自我与人际和谐、家庭烦扰得分低的非心理学专业学员的专职从业意愿更强(β=0.30、0.25、0.14、-0.17、-0.16,均P<0.05),职业利他得分高的非心理学学员的兼职从业意愿也较高(β=0.15,P=0.019);而心理学专业学员的从业意愿与动机、经历各因子得分的相关均无统计学意义。结论:心理咨询师培训班学员最重要的职业动机可能是职业利他、自我与人际和谐、职业回报,人际卷入动机较弱。职业利他、职业回报、他人激励对学员的专职从业意愿有促进作用,自我与人际和谐则可能削弱他们的专职从业意愿。学员的职业和专业对动机和从业意愿的关系具有调节作用。

Objective： To explore the career motivation characteristics and association with the desire to be a counseling psychologist among psychological counseling trainees. Methods： Totally 509 psychological counseling trainees in Tianjin, Ningbo and Zhengzhou were selected and assessed with the Influences on Becoming a Therapist- Revision （IBT-R） and a self-made questionnaire of desire to be a counseling psychologist. Results： In this sample, 88.6% trainees with a slightly higher desire to work part-time than to work full-time [（5. 3 ± 1.8） vs. （4. 9 ± 1.9）, P 〈 0.01 ], wished to be counseling psychologists. Trainees with junior college education background had much stronger desire to work full-time than those with bachelor degree [（4. 9 ± 1.9） vs. （4. 2 ±2. 3）, P 〈0. 01], so did psychological trainees and non-psychology trainees [ （4. 7 ± 2. 1 ） vs. （4. 1 ± 2.4）, P 〈 0. 01 ]. As for desire to be a part-time counseling psychologist, teaching staffs scored higher than unemployed and other-employed trainees [ （5.5 ± 1.9） vs. （4. 5 ± 2. 4）, （4. 3 ± 2. 7）, Ps 〈 0. 05]. Desire to work full-time was significantly correlated with motivation of professional altruism, occupational reward, self and interpersonal harmony and experience of encour- agement by important person （β = 0. 22, 0. 18, -0. 11, 0. 11, Ps 〈 0.05）, and the desire to be part-time professional was positively correlated with the scores of motivation of professional altruism （β = 0. 11, P 〈 0. 05）. The regression equation showed great discrimination between trainees in and out employment. Non-psychology trainees＇desire to be full-time counseling psychologists was positively correlated with professional altruism, occupational reward and ex- perience of encouragement, but negatively correlated with self and interpersonal harmony and family troubles （β = 0. 30, 0. 25, 0. 14, -0. 17, - 0. 16, Ps 〈 0. 05）. Non-psychology trainees part-time desire was positively correlated with professional altruism （β = 0. 15, P 〈 0. 05）. As for psychological trainees, desire was not correlated with any factors of motivation and experience. Conclusion： It suggests that the most important career motivations of profes- sional trainees may be professional altruism, self and interpersonal harmony and occupational rewards, while inter- personal involvement may be weak and uncommon. Professional altruism, occupational rewards and encouragement from important person may inspire trainees to become a fullStime counseling psychologist. Career motivation of self and interpersonal harmony may weaken them to be professionals. Trainees＇occupation and major could moderate the relation between career motivation and desire to be professional.