组织培养中肾形穗螨发生特性及隔离措施

Analysis of growth characteristics and barrier methods of mite Siteroptes reniformis in tissue cultivation

为有效地控制肾形穗螨Siteroptesreniformis对组培物的侵染，防止稻黑孢霉Nigrosporaoryzae污染组培物，研究分析了共生菌及温度对肾形穗螨发生的影响，以及不同的隔离措施对肾形穗螨侵染的影响。结果表明，大部分肾形穗螨携带有一颗或两颗黑孢霉菌孢子，分别占总数的31．6％和49．1％；只有稻黑孢霉菌能促进肾形穗螨发生及世代的繁殖；穗螨在16～30％条件下能完成发育及繁殖，随着温度的升高，孕腹体逐渐缩小，产仔量减少，生活周期变短，在16℃下孕腹体最大，直径为1．88±0．05mm；产仔量最多，为78．4±1．7头·雌-1，而在30~C下生活周期最短，世代时间为7．2±0．3d。采用不同的隔离效果进行评价，发现在瓶口涂矿物油加封保鲜膜和瓶口单独包裹Parafilm膜两种方法具有较好的隔离效果。综上所述，共生菌的存在及适宜的温度范围是肾形穗螨发生的重要条件。另外，合适的隔离措施也能有效控制穗螨的发生。

In order to effectively prevent the mold mites Siteroptes reniformis from infecting cultivation objects, and consequently, control the pollution of symbiotic Nigrospora oryzae, we studied the effect of symbiont on development of the mite and selected methods for ＂avoiding infection of the mite. It was found that the majority of mite S. reniformis carried one or two mould N. oryzae spores, the percentage was 31.6% and 49. 1% respectively. By investigating the effect of mould N. oryzae on infection and development of mite on cultural medium, we found that mold mites infec- ted culture successfully when mites and mould existed at the same time. Moreover, only N. oryzae stimulated the de- velopment of mould mite when mite was fed with seven mould. The mite completed development at the temperature from 16℃ to 30℃, and the developmental duration was the shortest 7.2 ± 0. 3 d at the temperature of 30℃. Howev- er, the size of suffulation body and the fecundity were the largest when the temperature was 16℃, which were 1.88 ± O. 05 mm in diameter and 78.4 ± 1.7 per female, respectively. By using different barrier method, it was showed that the glass jar brushed with mineral oil with screwed lids covered with preservative film or glass jar with the lid wraped over with Parafilm was the most effective way to prevent mites entering the culture jar. In conclusion, the symbiotic mould N. oryzae and the adaptive temperature were important for development of mite S. reniformis, and suitable barrier methods are also useful for controlling the mite.