约翰·邓恩诗歌中的炼金术意象研究

On Alchemical Images in John Donne's Poems

约翰·邓恩是英国玄学诗歌的代表人物。无论是他的艳情诗、诗讽刺诗还是神学诗都极富思想、才思敏捷。在邓恩的诗歌中,炼金术作为现代化学的前身,起初被视为纯洁雅化之术,象征着纯纯的爱;后来人们借助炼金术从事欺诈,邓恩借用其讽刺爱情的幸福只不过是个美幻的泡影。借助炼金术的四大元素,邓恩指出男女彼此都曾互为元素,死后还原为土、水、气、火;探源炼金术本质,爱因炼金术凝铸为永恒;在神学诗中,邓恩希望经过上帝锻造,灵魂得以拯救;在邓恩的葬礼挽歌中,死亡具有炼金术的神奇。从炼金术意象视角探讨诗歌艺术丰富了约翰·邓恩的诗歌研究。

As a leading figure among Metaphysical poets, John Donne＇s works are fresh and rich. Alchemical images are cleverly employed in Donne＇s poems from six aspects： alchemy as pure craft; alchemy as satire; alchemy and four elements： soil, water, gas, fire; alchemy as divine expression and alchemy in elegy. Different love and women and souls are portrayed in terms of alchemical images. There are various underlying factors which contribute to Donners artful use of alchemical images.