生态农业与中国未来的粮食安全

Ecological Agriculture Can Guarantee Food Security in China

随着人们对"石油农业"环境负面影响认识的不断深入,环境友好型的农业生产方式越来越受欢迎。从20世纪90年代"中国生态农业"的提出,到今天遍布全国的生态农业示范基地,生态农业在我国得到迅速发展。然而,保障基本自给的粮食安全一直是我国农业发展的一个重要目标。因此,生态农业能否保障我国的粮食安全成了一个不可回避的问题。在控制影响粮食产量的3个主要投入要素(化肥、化学农药以及水资源)的投入数量后对我国粮食产量进行测算,发现在现有生产条件及资源利用效率的情况下生态农业能保障我国粮食需求量的80%左右,粮食产量高于我国"生存安全标准"的粮食需求量。此外,未来我们提高粮食产量的潜力还很大,再加上通过国际农业合作与贸易发挥我国的比较优势,利用国际市场对粮食品种进行调剂。总之,在生态农业的种植模式下,我国未来的粮食安全能够得到保障。

As the negative influence on the environment of ＂oil agriculture＂ gets more and more apparent, the eco -friendly agricultural practice is becoming increasingly popular. The ecological agriculture has devel- oped rapidly in the past twenty years since＂Chinese Ecological Agricuhure＂was put forward in the 1990s. However, to guarantee food security based on self - sufficiency has always been an important goal of agricultur- al development in China. Therefore, whether ecological agriculture can guarantee China＇ s food security has be- come an unavoidable question. This study calculated food output by controlling the input of chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticide and deep phreatic water, and found that total food output had declined by nearly twenty per- cent. Even so, China still can produce enough food by tapping the potential of food production and cooperating with the international food market.