江苏省畜禽养殖业污染状况分析及政策建议

Analysis of livestock pollution in Jiangsu province and its solutions

为探明江苏省畜禽养殖业的污染特征,根据2011年江苏省畜禽养殖污染状况的有关资料,对江苏省畜禽养殖业污染源分布、污染物产生与排放及污染处理方式进行分析研究。结果表明,江苏省畜禽养殖规模化程度不断增高,2011年规模化养殖场数量占统计总数的80.46%;污染物排放量大,畜禽养殖业污染物化学需氧量(COD)排放量为3.433×105t,氨态氮排放量为2.440×104t,已经成为除生活源外的第二大污染来源;各地养殖规模、品种结构及污染物综合利用水平不同,地区间污染程度差异较大;全省五类规模化畜禽养殖场(小区)畜禽粪污的综合利用和资源化程度较低。最后,基于江苏省畜禽养殖污染现状研究,从养殖规模、布局和养殖废弃物利用情况等方面探讨了江苏省畜禽养殖污染防治的制约因素,并从分区管理、生态养殖、严格管理、加大投入等方面提出了江苏省畜禽养殖污染防治的政策建议。

To characterize the livestock pollution in Jiangsu province, the pollution sources, production and discharge of pollutants and pollution control were studied according to the 2011 annual pollution of livestock statistics in Jiangsu prov- ince. It was found that there was a steady increase in the scale of livestock and poultry in Jiangsu province, and the number of large-scale farms in 2011 accounted for 80.46 percent of the total number of pollution sources. The chemical oxygen de- mand （COD） and ammonia nitrogen from livestock pollution were 343 300 t and 24 400 t. The livestock pollution has become the second largest source of pollution. The pollution degrees varied in different areas due to differences in scale, breeds struc- ture and comprehensive utilize of the pollutants. The livestock and poultry waste comprehensive utilization level categories of large-scale livestock and poultry farms were lower. Based on the current situation of livestock pollution in Jiangsu province, the limits of pollution control were pointed out, and the solutions were presented, such as partitioned management, ecological fanning, and increasing investment.