幕阜天岳伏羲氏之陵考辨

EXPLORATION ON THE GRAVE OF FUXI IN MU-FU MOUNTAINS

伏羲与太昊是两个人而非一人。两人出生地不同,世次关系不同,部落图腾不同,姓氏不同,在远古氏族部落中对社会的贡献也不同。在先秦史料中,言太昊则不言伏羲,言伏羲则不言太昊。在可读史料中,最早将太昊与伏羲称为一体的是西汉末年刘歆的《世经》。河南淮阳的太昊伏羲氏陵墓实属太昊之墓。而根据史料查实和地下文物印证以及湖南楚文化与民风民俗的论证,湖南平江天岳幕阜山应是伏羲氏之陵,其下有"皇坛",有四十八灯,四十八柱供奉着手捧八卦的伏羲神像,且历朝多遣官致祭。相传幕阜天岳,舜帝所封,即为《禹贡》之东陵,楚国之东祠,与《史书》记载伏羲去世"崩葬南郡"地望完全吻合。

Fuxi and Taihao are the names of two different persons. Being born in two places as well as diverse generations and tribes, they worshipped different tribal totems and were entitled their own surnames. More importantly, they differed from each other in their contributions to their ancient tribes. Fuxi and Taihao had never been mentioned simultaneously in the historical data in Pre-Qin period. They were firstly considered as an identical person in ＂ShiJing＂ by LiuXin who lives in the last years of western Han Dynasty. The grave of Taihao in Huaiyang, Henan province is mistakenly believed as the grave of Fuxi and Taihao＇s. It＇s convincing that the Mu-fu Mountains, located in Pingjiang, Hunan province, is the grave of Fuxi, which is based on related historical data unearthed cultural relics as well as the researches of folk customs and Chu Culture in Hunan province. Together with an ＂altar＂, a statue of Fuxi, with ＂The Eight Diagrams＂ in his hands, is honored at the foot of Mu-fu Mountains. The statue is surrounded or supported by fourty-eight burners and fourty-eight columns and the emperors through out China＇s histories had ever delivered their officials to hold memorial ceremonies for the statue constantly. Legend has it that Mu-fu Mountains are entitled as ＂god-given mountains＂ by Legend Shun. It is also named as ＂Dongling＂ in the book ＂Yu Gong＂ and ＂Eastern temple＂ in the period of＂Chu＂. In a word, the geographical position of Mu-fu Mountains corresponds to the accounts of Fuxi＇s burial ground as recorded in ＂Shishu＂.