构建鲤现代种业的核心技术

Development of The Core Technologies of Modern Seed Industry for Common Carp

对于任何一个农业物种而言,现代种业核心技术包括3个方面:收集与创制最优良的种质资源、建立先进实用的育种技术、方便的可最大化利用上述资源的数据库及网站。针对鲤这个水产养殖种,黑龙江水产研究所及合作单位经过30多年的研究积累和创制了抗寒能力强、生长速度快、肉质好的三大系列种质,在此基础上已经培育出6个水产新品种;构建了基于亲本遗传距离的分子育种技术,并在常规育种技术的使用过程中增加了统计分析和染色体操作技术,如BLUP技术、雌核发育技术等,将现代育种技术充分地运用于鲤的品种培育之中;同时建立了涵盖表型、生物学特征、一般遗传参数的鲤种质数据库和涵盖基因、标记及经济性状QTLs的鲤基因组数据库,使鲤具备了现代种业需要的生物学、遗传学、基因组学的完整数据库。综上所述,初步构建了鲤现代种业的核心技术。

As far as any agricultural species was concerned, the modem seed industry core technologies include three aspects： collection and creation of excellent germplasm resources; establishment of advanced and practical breeding techniques; databases and websites which is easy to make full use of the above resources. In term of common carp this species, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute and cooperators have accumulated and created three series ofgermplasm which including strong cold resistance, fast growth, and good meat in the past more than 30 years. Based on these works, 6 new breeds has been bred; molecular breeding technology based on genetic distance were developed, meanwhile statistical analysis and chromosome manipulation techniques such as BLUP, gynogenesis were involved in the process of conventional breeding, which made modem breeding techniques to be fully applied in common carp; germplasm database and genome database, which contained phenotypes,~biological characteristics, the general genetic parameters and genes, markers and QTLs of economic traits for common carp has been developed, respectively. All these databases of biology, genetics, and genomics will meet the needs of modem seed industry of common carp. In a word, the core technologies of modem seed industry were essentially developed for common carp.