中国碳交易的立法思路:基于欧美碳交易的立法检讨及其启示

Looking into Legislative Direction of China's Carbon Emission Trading System: An Analysis Based on EU-ETS and US RGGI

欧盟区域性碳交易体制和美国地区性碳交易体制既有其成功的经验,也有其不足,可为中国碳交易立法所借鉴。基于欧美碳交易的立法检讨,中国碳交易制度建设应建立强制性的地区差别化减排体制,采取灵活的市场手段;在减排阶段性目标的设置上,应与提高能效、推行新能源、利用碳封存技术等措施的推行协调一致,并注重创新的制度安排和激励机制的运用,及时评估减排体制对各利益主体的影响,构建公平的减排机制。

The EU emissions trading system （EU-ETS） and US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative （RGGI） have both pros and cons, which provide implications to the legislation of Chinese carbon emission trading system. With a critical review on the experience of EU ETS and US RGGI, the paper draws a conclusion that China＇s carbon emission trading system should be built on a compulsory and regionally-differentiated basis, catering to a flexible market mechanism. Carbon emission reduction target at different stages should be aligned to the enhancement of energy utilization efficiency, development of renewable energies, in addition to the commercial uti- lization of carbon capture and storage technologies （ CCS）, with innovative rules and incentive mechanism adopted. To establish a fair emission trading system, impact on all interest groups by carbon emission reduction should be timely evaluated as well.