政策制定过程中官员、专家、公众的互动模式——基于政策“类型—过程”理论框架的分析

On the Interactive Mode of Officials,Experts and the Public in Policy-making: An Analysis Based on the Theoretical Framework of the Policy ″Types-process″ Theory

伴随着我国社会发展中政策环境的复杂化、政策问题的多元化以及政策本身的价值追求,政府传统的政策制定模式面临严峻挑战,在政策制定过程中仅凭官员一己之力已经难以科学合理地解决复杂的社会问题。期待政策制定过程的重塑,吁求打破政策制定的"黑箱",引入体制外主体参与政策制定过程,把专家与公众纳入政策制定体制,形成"政府、专家与公众"三位一体的政策参与主体框架,这已成为发展趋势。当然,这还需要对政策类型和过程做出更精细的界定和划分,准确阐述参与主体权力的重新配置和互动机制的构建,更需要在案例的比较、研究、分析中做出有效性验证。

With the development of our society, the complexity of the policy environment, diversification of policy issues as well as the value pursuit of policy, traditional policy-making mode is facing severe challenges. Offi- cials alone can hardly find scientific and reasonable solutions to complex social problems in the policy-making process. Calls for remodeling the policy-making process, the public clamor to break the ＂black box＂ of policy- making, the introduction of principals from outside the system into the policy-making process, and the involvement of the government, experts and the public as a ＂Trinity policy-making activist framework＂ have become a trend. Of course, it requires a finely defined and accurately divided process to describe the re-configuration of principal powers and the construction of interactive mechanisms. Besides, more case studies should be made to analyze its validity.