微垄覆膜沟播对阴山丘陵地区旱作马铃薯土壤水分及产量的影响

Effect of micro-ridge with plastic cover and furrow sowing on dry-farming potato yield and soil water content in hill area of Yinshan

阴山丘陵地区土壤水分状况是限制该地区马铃薯发展的主要因素,如何对天然降雨进行高效、永续利用,提高马铃薯对自然降水的利用率,是该地区马铃薯生产发展的战略考虑.本研究提出了微垄覆膜沟播的种植模式,结果表明：（1）微垄覆膜沟播种植模式明显提高土壤0 ～60 cm土层贮水量,在马铃薯需水关键时期,出苗后35 d和55 d,微垄覆膜沟播土壤贮水量分别比平作覆膜和露地平作提高25.68％、14.26％和28.92％、18.47％.（2）微垄覆膜沟播种植模式可明显提高马铃薯产量及对降雨的利用效率.（3）微垄覆膜沟播种植模式下的马铃薯每公顷吸收的水分数量比平作覆膜和露地平作分别高25.70％和33.52％.因此,微垄覆膜沟播种植模式可以明显提高马铃薯产量及对自然降水的利用效率,可作为发展内蒙古阴山丘陵地区旱作马铃薯的有效途径.

low soil water content is the main limiting factor for potato production in dry hilly area of Yinshan in Inner Mogo- lia, China. Improving the use efficiency of nature precipitation is a strategic method for potato production in this area. To solve this problem, the current study put forward the cultivation model of micro-ridge with plastic cover and furrow sowing. The results showed that, micro-ridge with plastic cover and furrow sowing model （ 1 ） Significantly improved integrated soil water content in the 0 N 60 depth soil. Especially, in the essential stages of potato plant growth, it enhanced the soil water content by 25.68%, 14. 26% as compared with flat cultivation with plastic-film mulching and flat cultivation 35 days after emergence and by 28.92%, 18.47% 55 days after emergence respectively. （2） Significantly enhanced potato tuber yield and the nature precipitation use efficiency. （3） Increased potato plants water uptake by 25.70% and 33.52% more per hectare than plants in fiat cultivation with plastic-film mulching and flat cultivation models, respectively. Thus, micro-ridge with plastic cover and furrow sowing model was an effective way for development of potato in dry-farming area because it sig- nificantly increased tuber yield and nature precipitation use efficiency.