褐色土地再利用的生态和健康风险评价

Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Brownfields Reuse

在总体分析褐色土地开发存在的环境风险和危害途径基础上,对目前褐色土地再利用环境风险评价的2类主要方法即健康风险评价和生态风险评价进行论述且将其进行比较,总结出2类方法的优缺点.并以福州典型褐色地块XX电化厂为例,考察这一地块的土地利用状况和特性,采用"层次评价方法",探讨该地块的环境风险,结果表明:该地块存在环境风险的污染物有六六六、Pb、Hg,这些污染物在空间上呈现点状分布特征;部分地块Pb存在潜在的生态风险、污染物Hg对生态存在严重的潜在风险,但从总体上说对人体不存在潜在的健康风险;六六六污染主要出自氯乙醇车间,存在严重的健康风险即致癌和非致癌风险对人体存在健康危害;总的来说,这些超标污染物潜在的健康风险的大小为:六六六>Pb>Hg.最后针对污染状况对该地块再利用提出相关的建议.

Based on the analysis of environmental risk and harmful pathways of brownfields reuse, this paper compared ecological risk assessment and health risk assessment, which are two main envi- ronmental risk assessment methods, and summarized advantages as well as disadvantages of them. Taking a typical brownfield XX electrochemical factory site in Fuzhou for example, an on-the-spot in- vestigation was carried out to find out its land use characteristics, and environmental risks over there was probed into, by level risk assessment method. Results show that the main pollutants caused by the factory are BHC, Pb and Hg, which have presented a punctuated pattern of spatial distribution. For a part of land use plots, there is potential ecological risk caused by Pb, and even serious potential ecological risk caused by Hg. But in general, there is no potential risk to human health. BHC pollu- tion is mainly from chloroethanol workshop, with serious health risk to human health. On the whole, potential health risk level of pollutants can be BHC 〉 Pb 〉 Hg. Finally, in accordance with present pollution situation, some advices about brownfields reuse are put forward.