土墩墓及其相关概念之辨析

Burial Mounds and the Related Concepts

土墩墓是约当中原的夏商周时期,流行于江南地区的以地上掩埋、封土成墩为特征,以随葬印纹硬陶与原始瓷器为特色的古墓遗存。其与"吴越土墩墓"、"良渚文化高台墓地"、"汉代土墩墓"、"坟丘墓"的概念辨析揭示,土墩墓具有考古学文化上的意义,可用来指代夏商周时期江南地区的墓葬遗存;吴越土墩墓来源于夏商时期浙西南及闽西北一带的土墩墓,只代表土墩墓在周代的发展阶段,并不能涵盖土墩墓的整个时空范围;土墩墓的渊源难以追溯到良渚文化高台墓地,其下限则止于战国前期;用"坟丘墓"指代汉代土墩墓葬遗存,既能在概念以及文化特征上区别于土墩墓,也便于和年代相近的日韩坟丘墓在同一术语之下展开比较研究。

During the Xia, Shang and Zhou periods, burial mounds were prevailing in the Jiangnan a- rea （southern valley of the Yangtze River）. They were erected over burials on the ground. Among the most unique objects in graves are stamped hardware and proto-porcelain. In this paper, the author conducts com- parative analysis on similar concepts relate to burial mounds and argues that “burial mounds” is qualified to be a concept in archaeological culture describing the burial remains of the Xia, Shang and Zou periods in the Jiangnan area; “Wu-Yue burial mounds” refer to the mounds prevailing in the southwestern Zhejiang and northwestern Fujian during the Xia and Shang periods, and represent only a development stage of burial mounds in the Zhou dynasty; no evidence can be gained to trace the origin of burial mounds back to the high-platform mounds of the Liangzhu Culture; the latest usage of burial mounds was in the Warring States; and to use the concept Fenqiumu to refer to the burial remains of the Han dynasty may differentiate them from burial mounds in both concept and cultural characteristics as well as facilitate the comparative study on Fenqiumu in China, Japan and South Korea under the same paradigm.