中国人口性别结构分析

Analysis of Population Sex Structure in China

人口性别结构是衡量一个国家或地区人口发展水平的重要指标,合理的性别结构、协调的两性发展是社会公正的重要体现,是构建和谐社会与实现人口可持续发展的重要基础。通过对第六次人口普查数据的分析,可以发现我国人口性别结构具有人口性别比总体偏高、出生人口性别比明显持续偏高、人口性别比区域差异明显、城乡差距大等特点。针对我国人口性别结构现状,应从消除出生人口性别比的人为影响、健全和完善社会保障和养老制度、切实提高女性人口社会经济地位、完善法律体系建设、对不同性别死亡率差异进行专项研究等多方面入手,优化人口性别结构、促进人口可持续发展。

Population sex structure is an important indicators to measure a country or a region＇s population development level,the reasonable structure of gender,coordination of gender development is the important embodiment of social justice,is the important basis for the harmonious society and the sustainable development of population. Through the analysis of the sixth demographic census data, it can be found that the main features of gender structure in our country include：Sex ratio of total population is in a high level,sex ratio at birth is in a significantly high level, regional differences is very significant, differences between urban and rural areas is very significant,etc. Considering population sex structure in our country,we should eliminate human influence on the sex ratio at birth, improve and perfect the social security and pension system, raise the social and economic status of women, perfect the construction of legal system, dedicate the special study on the differences of gender mortality, to optimize the population sex structure, promote the sustainable development of population.