近代山东省柞蚕业的发展探析

An Analysis on Development of Modern Tussah Silkworm Industry in Shandong Province

我国山东省是世界柞蚕业的发源地。明清之际,山东省的柞蚕人工放养技术趋于成熟,并在官方和民间的共同推动下不断发展。第二次鸦片战争之后,烟台开埠通商,国际市场对柞蚕丝的旺盛需求进一步刺激了山东柞蚕业的发展。清末民初是山东柞蚕业的鼎盛时期,无论是柞蚕茧的产量还是柞蚕丝、绸的产销量均达到了历史最高峰。抗日战争爆发后,山东柞蚕业开始走向衰落。柞蚕业在山东省近代社会经济史上占有举足轻重的地位,柞蚕业的发展不仅增加了当地农民的经济收入,活跃了城乡市场,而且推动了山东省城镇的近代化历程。

Shandong Province is the birthplace of world＇s tussah silkworm industry. Between Ming and Qing Dynasties, the technology of tussah silkworm artificial rearing had become maturated, and was continuously improved as a result of the joint efforts from both the official and civil institutions. After the Second Opium War and the Opening of Trading Port in Yantai, the rapidly increased demand for tussah silk in the international market further stimulated the development of tus- sah industry in Shandong Province. The end of Qing Dynasty and beginning of the Republic of China was the flourishing period of tussah industry in Shandong Province. Not only the output of tussah cocoons but also the output and sales val- ues of tussah silk and silk fabrics reached a historical peak. After outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, tussah industry in Shandong Province began to decline. The development of tussah industry occupied a pivotal position in modern social and economic history of Shandong Province. Tussah industry in Shandong Province not only increased the economic in- come of farmers and activated the urban and rural markets but also promoted the modernization course of cities and towns in Shandong Province.