日本诠释“四书”中的“去经典化”与“去中国化”

De-Canonization and De-Sinolization in Four Books' Interpretation in Tokugawa Japan

中国儒学经典"四书",伴随着中华文明的影响传到东亚世界,形成了"域外四书学"。但是,日本近世(即德川时代)的"四书学"却凸显了与中国本家"四书学"差异甚巨的实务主义与国家主义双重取向。其中的古学派最具影响力,他们通过对"四书"的新诠与解构,开启了日本在"前近代"摆脱中国经典化、脉络化、中心化的开端,"前近代"东亚世界的文化认同与政治认同亦由此而发生了影响深远的揖别和断裂。

Four Books,classical works highly valued by Confucianism in China,also have their appealing in East Asia due to China's cultural influence in the past.As a result,the school of the Four Books Studies outside China also came into being.However,the Four Books studies in the period of Tokugawa Japan differ greatly from those in China,with the former putting emphasize on pragmatism and nationalism.In pre-modern Japan,Kogaku School was influential and took the lead to step out of China's shadow through reinterpretation of Four Books on its own.Consequently,there has been a growing cultural and political gap in East Asia from that time on.