鄂温克族民间舞蹈音乐的狩猎文化特征

The Hunting Cultural Characteristics of the Folk Dancing Music of Ewenki Nationality

鄂温克族的民间音乐主要包括舞蹈音乐、尼玛罕和扎恩达拉嘎三种类型,本文从表现内容与表现形式等方面进行分析,认为游猎舞是鄂温克族民间音乐最早的源头,以游猎舞为代表的民间舞蹈音乐具有鲜明的狩猎文化特征,是体现鄂温克民族精神文化特质的文化符号。鄂温克族音乐的发展史可以按照其不同历史时期最具代表性的音乐体裁来进行断代,按历史上产生的先后顺序依次划分为:以游猎舞为代表的远古乐舞时代、以尼玛罕为代表的中古说唱性叙事歌曲时代、以扎恩达拉嘎为代表的近现代民间歌曲时代三个历史阶段。

The folk music of Ewenki nationality includes dancing music, Nimahan, Zhaendalaga. This thesis analyses the content and form of expression and draws the following conclusion. The hunting dance is the origin of the folk music of Ewenki nationality. The folk dancing music represented by hunting dances, which are cultural signs reflecting spiritual culture of Ewenki nationality, has obvious hunting cultural characteristics. The musical history of Ewenki nationality is divided into different times according to the genre of music, that is, the ancient dancing times represented by hunting dance; the mediaeval ballad times represented by Nimahan; the modern folk song times represented by Zhaendalaga in chronological order.