价值观外交与利益外交的叠加——欧盟中亚战略评析

An Analysis of the EU's Central Asia Strategy:an Overlap of Valuesbased and Interests-based Diplomacy

欧盟成员国在历史上均未直接染指中亚地区。在上世纪90年代初苏联及俄罗斯主动放弃中亚的大背景下,各大国在该地区的渗入、博弈和争夺才成为可能。为此,欧盟制定了中亚战略:一方面突出其价值观外交,向中亚各国输出其规范,包括人权、善治、民主、法治等;另一方面则注重维护其在能源和安全上的利益,使欧盟能从中亚国家能源输出多元化中获得新的能源供给来源,消除这一地区恐怖主义的潜在威胁,遏止毒品的流出。欧盟所使用的政策工具主要通过经济和技术援助来实现。但是,其战略及其实施也存在明显不足。

None of the EU member states has ever occupied Central Asia in history.It was only in the early 1990s when Russia(and the former Soviet Union) voluntarily gave up Central Asia that made it possible for the other major powers including the EU to become engaged in this region.On the one hand,the EU' s Central Asia strategy put an emphasis on the values-based diplomacy by exporting its norms including human rights,good governance,democracy and the rule of law.And on the other hand,theEU focuses its attention on its energy and security interests by taking advantage of the diversification of energy export policies in the Central Asian countries,in order to get new sources of energy supply,eliminate the potential threat of terrorism and contain the drug smuggling.The EU approaches these aims'mainly with the aid of economic and technical assistance.However,weaknesses still remain in its Central Asia strategy and its implementation.