汉代方形牌饰的初步研究

方形牌饰目前仅发现于汉代,时代为西汉晚期至东汉早中期。其首为盘龙或圆环,中间为颈,扁平状,身为长方形。方形牌饰的颈部有翼马、金乌、玉兔、蟾蜍等形象,牌身多施扶桑、西王母、龙虎、羽人、鱼等图案,这些都反映了强烈的仙界意境。方形牌饰作为承托物,其功能应是协助墓主人升人仙界的凭证,并与道教存在一定关系。

The square plaques discovered to date all belonged to the Han Dynasty, and they were all made between the late Western Han to the early and mid Eastern Han Dynasty. The general form was a coiling- dragon or ring shaped head, a flat neck and a rectangular body. On the neck, there were usually images of winged horse, Golden Crow （symbol of the sun）, Jade Rabbit and Toad （symbols of the moon）, and so on; on the body, there were usually images of Fusang Tree, Queen Mother of the West, dragon, tiger, feathered human beings, fish, and so on, all of which strongly reflected the taste of paradise or immortal world. As a carrier, the square plaque would be a passport helping the tomb occupant to ascend into the immortal world, and it might have some relationship with the Taoism.