水环境中耐药菌污染与危害研究进展

Current study of contamination and hazard of antibiotic resistance bacteria in aquatic environment

细菌在抗菌药选择性压力下产生耐药性并可传代,通过质粒和整合子等可移动基因元件将耐药基因在相同或不同种属中广泛传播,导致细菌多重耐药,并可通过多种途径进入水体,水环境日益成为庞大的耐药基因库,为致病菌及条件致病菌提供获得大量耐药基因的机会,若多重耐药菌再次侵入人体,可能引发严重的公共卫生问题。

The bacteria may produce resistance under the selective pressure of the antibiotics, and the antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs） can be widely spread in the homogenous species and the heterogeneous species by the mobile genetic elements （ MGEs） such asplasmid and integron, which can lead to bacteria multiple resistance. The ARGs can be transferred horizontally, in addition to vertically.The bacteria are constantly released to the aquatic environment through divers way. The aquatic environment is becoming a major reservoirfor antibiotic resistant bacteria, which provides large opportunities for the pathogens and the conditioned pathogens to obtain the ARGs. The serious public health problems may break out if those multidrug resistant bacteria infect humans one more time.