某固体废物填埋场对附近地下水的污染及水质评价

Groundwater contamination near one industrial solid waste landfill and water quality assessment

分别在丰水期、枯水期和平水期对某工业固体废物填埋场周围的地下水进行采样分析,利用不同时期各采样点的水质测定结果,选取13个污染指标作为评价因子,以《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—93)中推荐的方法对水质进行评价,并对水质成因进行了一定分析。结果表明,研究区地下水中高锰酸盐指数在3次监测中均超标,而氨氮在平水期有超标,高锰酸盐指数及氨氮污染主要源自某双苯厂装置爆炸后污染物的渗入,当然垃圾渗滤液对地下水中氨氮污染的贡献也往往很高;挥发酚时有超标,这是由于该固体废物填埋场主要填埋某石化厂的工业固体废物;硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和总硬度在采样点2(22#监测点)有超标;研究区地下水中铁、锰含量均较高,这可能与原生地质环境有关,并非来自人为污染;研究区周边500m范围内地下水的水质较差,而1 500m范围外的水质较好,采用修正后的综合评价模型得出的地下水水质评价结果更能客观反映研究区地下水的实际质量状况。

The groundwater samples near an industrial solid waste landfill were collected in high water season, low water season and normal water season. The obtained water samples were analyzed and 13 indexes were used to evaluate the water quality by the method recommend by groundwater quality standards （GB/T 14848-93）. The reason of groundwater pollution was analyzed. Results showed that the permanganate index exceeded the standard limit in all three water seasons,while the exceeding of ammonia nitrogen was only found in normal water season. The pollution of permanganate and ammonia nitrogen mainly caused by the pollutants infiltration after device explosion of a double ben- zene plant; of cause, the landfill leachate also had the high contribution to ammonia nitrogen pollution. The over-stand- ard of volatile phenol happened occasionally,because the solid waste landfill in study area mainly served for a petro- chemical plant. Nitrate,nitrite and total hardness in sampling point 2 （22 ~ monitoring well） exceed the standard lim- it; Iron and manganese content were relative high in study area, this might be related to the original geological envi- ronment,but not from human pollution. The water quality within 500 m of study area was poor,outside 1 500 m was good. The modified assessment model could better reflect the actual groundwater quality.