铁基多元纳米合金的室温固相法制备及性能

Preparation and characterization of the Fe series polybasic nano-alloys by room temperature solid-solid reaction

以过渡金属氯化物和硼氢化钾为原料，用PVP作分散剂，通过室温固相化学反应法制备了Fe—Ni—Co-B、Fe—Ni—Cu—B两种多元纳米合金，并用电感耦合等离子发射光谱、X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、热分析等手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明，通过室温固相法得到的Fe—Ni—Co—B多元纳米合金为非晶态晶须，其晶须长100～200nm，直径为2～4nm；而Fe—Ni—Cu—B多元纳米合金为平均粒径约20nm的球形颗粒。同时研究了两种铁基多元纳米合金对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用，发现两种合金对高氯酸铵降低高温分解温度和提高分解热有明显作用。

The Fe series polybasic nano-alloys were prepared by room temperature solid-solid reaction with the transition metal chlorides and potassium borohydride as raw materials. The PVP was added as dispersant. The resultants were characterized by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The results showed that the Fe-Ni-Co-B nano alloy was mainly amorphous whisker with length of 100-200nm and diameter of 2-4nm, the average particle size of the Fe- Ni-Cu-B nano-alloy was about diameter of 20nm. The catalytic properties of the iron series polybasic nano-alloys on the thermal decomposition of the ammonium perchlorate had been studied. The study showed that the two nano-alloys obviously reduced decomposition temperature of the pyrolysis process of ammonium perchlorate and enhanced decomposition heat.