从“先生”的语言到公民的语言——试析近代法国统一民族语言的政治因素

From Sir's Language to Citizen's Language: A Study on the Political Factors of the Process of the Unified National Language in Modern France

法国民族语言政策的根本性变革始于大革命,革命者首次将语言问题和民族问题、政体问题联系起来,视统一民族语言为将全体国民融入"统一而不可分割"的共和国的一个必要前提,法国统一民族语言的宏大工程就此启动。然而,法国政局的动荡与政体的频繁更迭使得民族语言统一进程历经反复,直至法兰西第三共和国时期,法语才真正成为法兰西民族的通用语言。法国统一民族语言的漫长历程凸显出民族语言问题与政治社会变革之间的密切关系。

The fundamental change of French language policy began in the French Revolution, for the first time, the revolutionary associated the problems of language with nation and political regime. They considered the unification of national language as a necessary condition to integrate all the people into the unified and indivisible Republic, the unification of French national language began. However due to the political instability, the unified national language policy went through many changes. Until the French Third Republic, French became the common language of the French nation. The long process of the unified national language in France highlights the political relationship between national language and political changes.