射箭项目奥运会成绩差异研究

Research on Performance Differences of Olympic Archery

为了明晰我国射箭项目备战2016年里约奥运的训练重点,综合运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、数理统计法以及理论分析法,对近四届奥运会的射箭运动成绩的差异进行研究。研究结果:世界射箭男子运动水平发展快,女子较慢;淘汰赛中胜、负者之间每局的总分和积分的差异具有高度统计学意义,射箭比赛无身体对抗,导致运动成绩差异的根源在于心理稳定水平;2012年伦敦奥运会前四名运动员中,从偏态系数看,男子普遍轻微左偏,女子左偏较为严重,说明女运动员开局发挥失常较多;冠军的成绩的标准差和全距最小的,稳定性高是其成绩的重要特征。建议:增强开局比赛得分的能力;增强每局后不同情况下的得分能力;在保证准确性的基础上,加大心理稳定性的训练力度。

In order to clarify the training focus of China＇s archery team on preparation for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, the main use of literature review, expert interviews, mathematical statistics and theoretical analysis meth- od to research the recently fourth Olympic archery performance. The results show that men＇s archers＇ level develop faster while women＇s develops slower. During the knockout, between winner and loser the total scores and accumu- lated points of each game are of significantly different, and performance difference is rooted in psychological stabil- ity level as the archery competition has no physical confrontation. From the deviation factors, the top four players in 2012 London Olympic Games show differences. Male players are slightly deviating to the left while female play- ers are deviating significantly to left, which means female players has higher frequency to play below bar at begin- ning of game. The standard deviation and range of champion are the smallest. Stability is their important feature and the key to win; It is suggested that, coach need to enhance the ability to start the game score, enhance the ability to score per game under different circumstances and to increase mental stability on the basis of guaranteeing the accuracy of training efforts.