不同蛋白质来源饲粮对不同生长阶段藏獒营养物质表观消化率及粪便质量的影响

Effects of Different Protein Source Diets on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Fecal Quality of Tibetan Mastiffs during Different Growth Stages

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质原料[豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、低蛋白质含量（65％）的鸡肉粉65、高蛋白质含量（80％）的鸡肉粉80、鱼粉、鸭架粉]对不同年龄阶段藏獒的采食量、营养物质表观消化率及粪便质量的影响.试验选取5～6月龄的幼年藏獒10只,2周岁以上的成年藏獒10只,各分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复1只.试验配制7种试验饲粮,分别为CGM（植物蛋白质仅含玉米蛋白粉）、SBM（植物蛋白质仅含豆粕）、PMH-FM（动物蛋白质为鸡肉粉80和鱼粉）、PML-FM（动物蛋白质为鸡肉粉65和鱼粉）、DM-FM（动物蛋白质为鸭架粉和鱼粉）、FM（动物蛋白质仅含鱼粉）和PML饲粮（动物蛋白质仅含鸡肉粉65）.每种饲粮分别饲喂1组幼犬和成犬.试验共分4期进行,每期试验期为10 d,其中预试期6d,收粪期4d.结果表明：幼犬对不同蛋白质来源饲粮的平均日采食量无显著差异（P＞0.05）.成犬对PML-FM饲粮的平均日采食量与PMH-FM饲粮相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但显著高于其他饲粮（P＜0.05）.在饲喂同种饲粮情况下,幼犬的平均日采食量均比成犬高,且差异显著（P＜0.05）.幼犬对PMH-FM饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白质、有机质、钙和总磷表观消化率均最高,其上述营养物质表观消化率均显著高于PML-FM饲粮（P＜0.05）,且粗蛋白质表观消化率还显著高于PML饲粮（P＜0.05）,总磷表观消化率还显著高于DM-FM和FM饲粮（P＜0.05）.成犬对SBM饲粮的干物质表观消化率显著高于PML-FM饲粮（P＜0.05）,对DM-FM饲粮的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于PML和PML-FM饲粮（P＜0.05）,对FM饲粮的总磷表观消化率显著低于SBM和PML-FM饲粮（P＜0.05）.成犬对各饲粮的有机质和钙表观消化率均无显著差异（P＞0.05）.在饲喂同种饲粮情况下,成犬和幼犬对干物质、粗蛋白质、有机质的表观消化率均无显著差异（P＞0.05）;但是,在同时饲喂PMH-FM饲粮情况下,幼犬对钙和总磷的表观消化率要显著高于成犬（P＜0.05）.幼犬饲喂PMH-FM饲粮时粪样初水分含量最低,显著低于除PML-FM和DM-FM饲粮外的其他饲粮（P＜0.05）.成犬饲喂FM饲粮时粪样初水分含量最高,显著高于其他饲粮（P＜0.05）.幼犬饲喂CGM、PMH-FM、PML-FM、DM-FM和FM饲粮时粪样分数均在最佳粪样分数（2.5）左右,而在饲喂SBM和PML饲粮时粪样分数在2.8左右.成犬饲喂不同的饲粮,其粪样分数无显著差异（P＞0.05）.在饲喂同种饲粮情况下,成犬和幼犬粪样初水分含量无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但幼犬粪样分数均显著高于成犬（P＜0.05）.由此得出,饲粮不同蛋白质来源对藏獒的营养物质消化率和粪便质量均有一定的影响,且对幼犬影响更大.对于藏獒,玉米蛋白粉和豆粕混合使用比单一使用效果要好;相对于鱼粉和低蛋白质含量的鸡肉粉65,高蛋白质含量的鸡肉粉80作为蛋白质来源较佳.

The effects of different protein sources [corn gluten meal,soybean meal,poultry meal 65 （low protein content,65%）,poultry meal 80 （high protein content,65%）,fish meal,and duck frame meal] diets on feed intake,nutrient apparent digestibility and fecal quality of Tibetan mastiffs during different growth stages were evaluated in this study.Ten puppies （5 to 6 months old） and ten adult canines （2 or more years old） were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups,respectively.Each group contained 5 replicates and each replicate contained 1 canine.Seven experimental diets were formulated as follows：CGM （only corn gluten meal as the plant protein）,SBM （only soybean meal as the plant protein）,PMH-FM （both poultry meal 80 and fish meal as the plant protein）,PML-FM （both poultry meal 65 and fish meal as the plant protein）,DM-FM （both duck frame meal and fish meal as the animal protein）,FM （only fish meal as the animal protein） and PML diets （only poultry meal 65 as the animal protein）,respectively.Each diet fed one group of young and adult Tibetan mastiffs,respectively.The experiment was divided into 4 periods,and each period lasted for 10 days with 6 days for adaptation and 4 days for the collection of fecal samples.The results showed as follows：for the diets with different protein sources,the average daily feed intake of puppies was not significantly different （P 〉 0.05）.The average daily feed intake of adult canines for PML-FM diet was no significant difference compared with PMH-FM diet （P 〉 0.05）,but was significantly higher than that for other diets （P 〈 0.05）.Under the condition of feeding the same diet,the average daily feed intake of puppies was significantly higher than that of adult canines （P 〈 0.05）.For puppies,the dry matter （DM）,crude protein （CP）,organic matter （OM）,calcium （Ca） and total phosphorus （TP） apparent digestibility of PMH-FM diet was the highest,all above nutrient apparent digestibility was significantly higher than that of PML-FM diet （P 〈 0.05）,CP apparent digestibility was also significantly higher than that of PML diet （P 〈 0.05）,and TP apparent digestibility was also significantly higher than that of DM-FM and FM diets （P 〈 0.05）.For adult canines,the DM apparent digestibility of SBM diet was significantly higher than that of PML-FM diet （P 〈0.05）,and the CP apparent digestibility of DM-FM diet was significantly higher than that of PML and PMLFM diets （P 〈 0.05）,while the TP apparent digestibility of FM diet was significantly lower than that of SBM and PML-FM diets （P 〈 0.05）.There was no significant difference in OM and Ca apparent digestibility for adult canines among all diets （P 〉 0.05）.Under the condition of feeding the same diet,the DM,CP and OM apparent digestibility was not significantly different between puppies and adult canines （P 〉 0.05） ; however,the Ca and TP apparent digestibility for puppies was significantly higher than that for adult canines when fed the PMH-FM diet （P 〈 0.05）.When fed the PMH-FM diet,the puppies had the lowest fecal original moisture content,which was significantly lower than that of other diets except PML-FM and DM-FM diets （P 〈 0.05）.When fed the FM diet,the adult canines had the highest fecal original moisture content,which was significantly higher than that of other diets （P 〈 0.05）.The fecal scores of puppies fed CGM,PMH-FM,PML-FM,DM-FM and FM diets were all about 2.5 （optimal fecal score）,while the fecal scores of puppies fed SBM and PML diets were about 2.8.The fecal scores of adult canines fed different diets had no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）.Under the condition of feeding the same diet,the fecal original moisture content was not significantly different between puppies and adult canines （P 〉 0.05）,but the fecal score of puppies was significantly higher than that of adult canines （P 〈 0.05）.It is concluded that diets with different protein sources have some influences on the nutrient apparent digestibility and fecal quality of Tibetan mastiffs,and have greater influences on the puppies.Combined use of the corn gluten meal and soybean meal is better than signal use of them,and the poultry meal 80 with high protein content is a better protein source compared with the fish meal and poultry meal 65 with low protein content for Tibetan mastiffs.