中国农村居民生活水平的时空变化过程及其影响因素

Spatial-Temporal Variations of Rural Residents' Living Standard and Its Influence Factors in China

通过截取1980—2010年7个时间断面中国各省市农村居民的恩格尔系数时空变化过程分析我国农村居民生活水平的时空差异。从恩格尔系数的绝对水平来看,各省农村居民的恩格尔系数整体呈现出明显下降的态势,反映出农村居民的生活水平有显著的提高;从空间差异来看,农村居民恩格尔系数始终呈现出较为明显的空间集聚态势,但是与相对稳定的国民经济和城市化发展水平区域格局不同,其空间格局是相对不稳定的,一方面表现在不同的时间断面高值和低值集聚的区域呈现出明显的空间差异;另一方面,部分省区恩格尔系数在下降的过程中呈现出波动现象,空间自相关的程度呈现出较强的不稳定性。中国农村居民恩格尔系数水平的时空变化是农村地区经济对自然条件、国家宏观战略和政策以及其他外部条件响应过程中逐步形成,需要根据实际情况及时调整和制订面向农村地区发展的区域政策。

Balance and fairness of regional development are important issues of regional development theories. Spatial-temporal changes of living standard and patterns of regional differences in rural areas not only have theoretical significance, but are benefit to examine and establish regional developing strategies. The spatial-temporal changes of Engel coefficient, presented by 7 time sections in 1980-2010, depict spatial-temporal differences of living standard in Chinese rural areas in province level. The absolute Engel coefficient shows obvious decreasing tendency, indicating the improvement of living standard in rural areas. In spatial differences aspects, rural Engel coefficient is always aggregate spatially in the 20 years, but it is relatively unstable comparing to urban areas. On one hand, the areas of high-high value and low-low value are spatially different, on the other hand, the Engel coefficients in some provinces fluctuate over time, spatial auto-correlation shows strong unstable tendency. Spatial-temporal changes of rural Engel coefficient are shaped by response of rural economy to natural conditions, national macro strategies and policies, and other external conditions. Regional policies should adjust promptly according to practical situation of rural areas.